Upgrading and innovation of new materials by engineers would not be possible without analyzing the characteristics of the material. Furthermore, it is these properties that define its internal structure that consequently gives rise to the benefits of each product.
Plastics are insulators of heat and electricity. Their densities are low. Molecular weight and degree of polymerization play an important role in many of its properties. In general, we can classify its properties into: mechanical, thermal, physical, electrical and optical. Below you may find a list of the most common tests:
| Norm | Description |
|---|---|
| ASTM D3763 | Standard Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors |
| ASTM D1004 | Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting |
| ASTM D1044 | Standard Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion by the Taber Abraser |
| ASTM D1045 | Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in Plastics |
| ASTM D1238 | Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer |
| ASTM D1242 | Standard Test Methods for Resistance of Plastic Materials to Abrasion (withdraw 2004) |
| ASTM D149 | Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies |
| ASTM D150 | Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation |
| ASTM D1525 | Standard Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature of Plastics |
| ASTM D1603 | Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics |
| ASTM D1709 | Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method |
| ASTM D1894 | Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting |
| ASTM D1895 | Standard Test Methods for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor, and Pourability of Plastic Materials |
| ASTM D1922 | Standard Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method |
| ASTM D2240 | Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness |
| ASTM D2457 | Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics |
| ASTM D256 | Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics |
| ASTM D2565 | Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications |
| ASTM D257 | Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials |
| ASTM D2583 | Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor |
| ASTM D2857 | Standard Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers |
| ASTM D3364 | Standard Test Method for Flow Rates for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) with Molecular Structural Implications |
| ASTM D3389 | Standard Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader) |
| ASTM D3417 | Standard Specification for Polyethylene Terephthalate Film and Sheeting |
| ASTM D3418 | Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry |
| ASTM D3575 | Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made from Olefin Polymers |
| ASTM D3702 | Standard Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Friction of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing Contact Using a Thrust Washer Testing Machine |
| ASTM D3835 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer |
| ASTM D395 | Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set |
| ASTM D4060 | Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser |
| ASTM D4065 | Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures |
| ASTM D4329 | Standard Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus Exposure of Plastics |
| ASTM D4459 | Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor Applications |
| ASTM D4587 | Standard Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings |
| ASTM D523 | Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss |
| ASTM D5279 | Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Torsion |
| ASTM D5379 | Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method |
| ASTM D542 | Standard Test Method for Index of Refraction of Transparent Organic Plastics |
| ASTM D5630 | Standard Test Method for Ash Content in Plastics |
| ASTM D6290 | Standard Test Method for Color Determination of Plastic Pellets |
| ASTM D638 | Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics |
| ASTM D648 | Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position |
| ASTM D6869 | Standard Test Method for Coulometric and Volumetric Determination of Moisture in Plastics Using the Karl Fischer Reaction (the Reaction of Iodine with Water) |
| ASTM D695 | Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics |
| ASTM D696 | Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer |
| ASTM D732 | Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Plastics by Punch Tool |
| ASTM D751 | Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics |
| ASTM D785 | Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials |
| ASTM D790 | Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials |
| ASTM D792 | Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement |
| ASTM E1131 | Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry |
| ASTM E1252 | Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis |
| ASTM E1347 | Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry |
| ASTM E1356 | Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry |
| ASTM E1545 | Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis |
| ASTM E308 | Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System |
| ASTM E313 | Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates |
| ASTM E831 | Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis |
| ASTM G155 | Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials |
| ISO 1133 | Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 1: Standard method |
| ISO 11357 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) |
| ISO 11357-1 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 1: General principles |
| ISO 11357-2 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature and step height |
| ISO 11357-3 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization |
| ISO 11357-4 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 4: Determination of specific heat capacity |
| ISO 11357-5 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 5: Determination of characteristic reaction-curve temperatures and times, enthalpy of reaction and degree of conversion |
| ISO 11357-6 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) |
| ISO 11357-7 | Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 7: Determination of crystallization kinetics |
| ISO 11358 | Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers |
| ISO 11358-1 | Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers — Part 1: General principles |
| ISO 11358-2 | Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers — Part 2: Determination of activation energy |
| ISO 11358-3 | Thermogravimetry (TG) of polymers — Part 3: Determination of the activation energy using the Ozawa-Friedman plot and analysis of the reaction kinetics |
| ISO 11359 | Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) — Part 1: General principles |
| ISO 11359-1 | Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) — Part 1: General principles |
| ISO 11359-2 | Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) — Part 2: Determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature |
| ISO 11359-3 | Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) — Part 3: Determination of penetration temperature |
| ISO 11443 | Determination of the fluidity of plastics using capillary and slit-die rheometers |
| ISO 1183 | Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics |
| ISO 1183-1 | Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method |
| ISO 1183-2 | Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 2: Density gradient column method |
| ISO 1183-3 | Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 3: Gas pyknometer method |
| ISO 15512 | Determination of water content |
| ISO 178 | Determination of flexural properties |
| ISO 180 | Determination of izod impact strength |
| ISO 2039-1 | Determination of hardness — Part 1: Ball indentation method |
| ISO 2039-2 | Determination of hardness — Part 2: Rockwell hardness |
| ISO 306 | Thermoplastic materials — Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) |
| ISO 3146 | Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods |
| ISO 3451 | Determination of ash |
| ISO 3451-1 | Determination of ash — Part 1: General methods |
| ISO 3451-2 | Determination of ash — Part 2: Poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials |
| ISO 3451-3 | Determination of ash — Part 3: Unplasticized cellulose acetate |
| ISO 3451-4 | Determination of ash — Part 4: Polyamides |
| ISO 3451-5 | Determination of ash — Part 5: Poly(vinyl chloride) |
| ISO 489 | Determination of refractive index |
| ISO 4892 | Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources |
| ISO 4892-1 | Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 1: General guidance |
| ISO 4892-2 | Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps |
| ISO 4892-3 | Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps |
| ISO 4892-4 | Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps |
| ISO 527 | Determination of tensile properties |
| ISO 527-1 | Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles |
| ISO 527-2 | Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics |
| ISO 527-3 | Determination of tensile properties — Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets |
| ISO 527-4 | Determination of tensile properties — Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites |
| ISO 527-5 | Determination of tensile properties — Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites |
| ISO 604 | Determination of compressive properties |
| ISO 6603 | Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics |
| ISO 6603-1 | Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact testing |
| ISO 6603-2 | Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics — Part 2: Instrumented impact testing |
| ISO 75-1 | Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 1: General test method |
| ISO 75-2 | Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and ebonite |
| ISO 75-3 | Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 3: High-strength thermosetting laminates and long-fibre-reinforced plastics |
| ISO 7765 | Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method |
| ISO 7765-1 | Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method — Part 1: Staircase methods |
| ISO 7765-2 | Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method — Part 2: Instrumented puncture test |
| SAE J1885 | Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled Xenon-Arc Apparatus(Cancelled Jan 2008, Superseded by J2412_201508) |
| SAE J1960 | Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Water-Cooled Xenon Arc Apparatus(Cancelled Jan 2008, Superseded by J2527_201709) |
| SAE J2020 | Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Fluorescent UV and Condensation Apparatus |
| SAE J2412 | Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus |
| SAE J2527 | Performance Based Standard for Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus |
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